Where the Red Fern Grows Analysis free essay sample

In this book Billy learns the truth about life; that when having an important responsibility you gain a sense of maturity and adulthood. Billy shows maturity when he tries to save the money for the dogs. First he showed discipline and a sense of responsibility when he had to save the 50 dollars to buy his dogs. Billy saved money for two years working odd jobs and also working at his grandpa’s general store. He didn’t spend any money while saving and collected everything that would help he kept pennies and any other type of currency. After saving the money he secretly left his house and walked nearly 10 miles through the woods to town. While in town he went to the post office to receive his pups. He also went to the stores in town and purchased items for his family with his own money. Billy going to town on his own and showing the discipline and more importantly, the maturity to buy his dogs furthermore proves the point that having an important responsibility gives you a sense of adulthood. We will write a custom essay sample on Where the Red Fern Grows Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Billy competes against other men and dogs in the coon hunting competition he shows a main transition from being a child to becoming a man. After hunting for a year Billy signs up for a hunting tournament, competing against men who are both older and more experienced hunters. While at the competition a major symbol of him growing up is that before his first hunt his father and grandfather pour three cups of coffee instead of two. This shows that Billy’s elders don’t see him as â€Å"just a kid† but a young adult. He goes on to win the competition while fighting through a blizzard. Billy winning the competition and being offered coffee shows his transition to becoming a young adult. The last example of Billy maturing is him mourning the death of his dogs. His dogs died from a malicious attack from a mountain lion while in the middle of a hunt. Once each dog died Billy was asked by his father if he wanted help burying them but he refused. To me this shows that Billy was accepting the responsibility of his dogs as solely his. This shows a solemn sense of maturity and is his final step to adulthood. Billy buried his dogs under a red fern which is considered sacred in the Ozarks, but when he talks about the red fern growing that symbolizes Billy growing over the death of his dogs and becoming a mature adult. When he buried his dogs under the fern with no help this is the main example of him growing more mature and being a step closer to adulthood. Billy learns that assuming an important responsibility gains you the sense of maturity and adulthood. He learns the importance of responsibility, gaining maturity, and finally becoming an adult. If you remember your first loved pet you must also remember the sad time that animal died. When this happened you may have unknowingly taken a step closer to adulthood and being a more mature person. Where the Red Fern Grows Analysis free essay sample In this book Billy learns the truth about life; that when having an important responsibility you gain a sense of maturity and adulthood. Billy shows maturity when he tries to save the money for the dogs. First he showed discipline and a sense of responsibility when he had to save the 50 dollars to buy his dogs. Billy saved money for two years working odd jobs and also working at his grandpa’s general store. He didn’t spend any money while saving and collected everything that would help he kept pennies and any other type of currency. After saving the money he secretly left his house and walked nearly 10 miles through the woods to town. While in town he went to the post office to receive his pups. He also went to the stores in town and purchased items for his family with his own money. Billy going to town on his own and showing the discipline and more importantly, the maturity to buy his dogs furthermore proves the point that having an important responsibility gives you a sense of adulthood. We will write a custom essay sample on Where the Red Fern Grows Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Billy competes against other men and dogs in the coon hunting competition he shows a main transition from being a child to becoming a man. After hunting for a year Billy signs up for a hunting tournament, competing against men who are both older and more experienced hunters. While at the competition a major symbol of him growing up is that before his first hunt his father and grandfather pour three cups of coffee instead of two. This shows that Billy’s elders don’t see him as â€Å"just a kid† but a young adult. He goes on to win the competition while fighting through a blizzard. Billy winning the competition and being offered coffee shows his transition to becoming a young adult. The last example of Billy maturing is him mourning the death of his dogs. His dogs died from a malicious attack from a mountain lion while in the middle of a hunt. Once each dog died Billy was asked by his father if he wanted help burying them but he refused. To me this shows that Billy was accepting the responsibility of his dogs as solely his. This shows a solemn sense of maturity and is his final step to adulthood. Billy buried his dogs under a red fern which is considered sacred in the Ozarks, but when he talks about the red fern growing that symbolizes Billy growing over the death of his dogs and becoming a mature adult. When he buried his dogs under the fern with no help this is the main example of him growing more mature and being a step closer to adulthood. Billy learns that assuming an important responsibility gains you the sense of maturity and adulthood. He learns the importance of responsibility, gaining maturity, and finally becoming an adult. If you remember your first loved pet you must also remember the sad time that animal died. When this happened you may have unknowingly taken a step closer to adulthood and being a more mature person.

Black Relaions in Brazil Essay

Black Relaions in Brazil Essay Black Relaions in Brazil Essay Black In Latin America / Brazil: A Racial Paradise? In Brazil, Professor Gates explores how this â€Å"rainbow nation† is waking up to it's legacy as the world's largest slave economy. An estimated 4.8 million African slaves were brought to Brazil over 500 years ago when Portuguese slave trades were high with the country and sugar farming was the countries number one resource. The slaves brought with them their religion, culture, and music. Approximately 75 million people remain in Brazil with ties to African descent and Brazil is the second largest black population in the world next to Nigeria. Brazil was the last country in the western hemisphere to abolish slavery in 1888. However, they were the first to claim that they were free of racism a declare there nation a racial democracy. Many of the countries African descendents believe this is a myth and believe that racism does exist within Brazil. The Brazilian people themselves do not distinguish race as we do here in the United States, the refer to racial categories as color s such as â€Å"Moreno† or â€Å"Negro† but in different shades, but never distinguish anyone differently based merely on the appearance of their skin tone. According to Joao Reis professor of history at the Federal University of Bahia, their were ten times as many slaves brought to Brazil as to the United States during the history of the slave trades because the Portuguese controlled many of the ports in the Caribbean and Africa during the time period of 1502-1867 which gave them easier access to transport slaves the shorter distances to Brazil. Also, slavery was much more barbaric in Brazil because the slaves were easily replaced. Plantation owners did not allow slaves to be armed, so the slaves found a way to organize and learned how to defend themselves through learning Capoeira. The art form is known by quick and complex moves, using mainly power kicks, leg sweeps, knee strikes, take downs, elbow strikes, punches, and head butts. It was a form of training used by the slaves and disguised as a dance when the Calvary came in case they had to defend themselves. This art form is still practiced today in Brazil. The film also gave some information about Candomblà © wich is an African religion with oral tradition, mainly practiced in Brazil by the â€Å"povo de santo.† It is based on the soul of nature. The film also described Chica da Silva who was a woman born into slavery, that became one of the most powerful women in colonial Brazil when she started a romance with her very wealthy owner Joao Fernandes de Oliviera who was a diamond mine owner and one of the richest men in colonial Brazil who fell in love with her and set her free. When the churches condemned his actions, he built his own church and went against them for her. Together they had 13 children; raising them in white society and refusing to be treated as colored. Professor gates also spoke with Dora Alves (a black activist and hair stylist) who believes

The Challenger and Columbia Shuttle Disasters Case Study

The Challenger and Columbia Shuttle Disasters - Case Study Example All these changes are clearly directed towards strengthening the internal control of the organization in order to trace down the factors that can pose risk to shuttles. The establishment of a specialized group for review of the design of the shuttles and the evaluation of the critical items was a clear attempt towards increasing the safety and quality of the shuttles and to avoid any further disasters from happening. Aspects of NASA Practice after Columbia Disaster In 2003, another disaster was faced by NASA when shuttle Columbia broke up. It was found out that the cause of the disaster was a 1.67-pound slab of insulating foam that fell off the external fuel tank, hit the left wing and caused a breach in the tiles. Another cause that was disclosed was lack of proper funding. There was a policy called â€Å"Faster, Better, Cheaper† emphasized by the NASA Administrator that impacted the shuttle program. There were a number of management reforms done after the Challenger disaster but despite of the changes, the Columbia disaster took place. It was observed that the changes done were merely for creation of specialized groups in order to increase safety but the organizational culture of NASA remained the same. Even after the Challenger disaster, deviations from expected performance were ignored. There was lack of testing in order to determine safety and reliability and reliance of past practices was placed in place of conducting comprehensive testing. Different Factors and their Contribution to Sustaining Change It has been observed that NASA recommended and implemented the change after the Challenger disaster but the agency could not sustain the change. The organizational culture reverted back restraining the change and the bringing the agency back to the manner it was operating before the disaster. After the Challenger disaster, there were a number of reforms done by the agency and there were a number of policies and procedures set up to ensure safety and q uality of the shuttles. However, with the passage of time, these policies and procedures were ignored and reliance was placed on the past successes of NASA. Therefore, it can be said that sustaining a change may be challenging. Thus, in order to sustain a change, other factors may be used. Such factors include; redesigning the roles of the employees of the organization, introduction of reward policies and linking of selection decision to change objectives. Such policies would help in increasing the motivation of the employees who would work more efficiently as a result. It has been observed that there is a hierarchical structure at NASA and the employees at lower levels remain silent due to lack of authority. Even if there is a critical issue, it is not communicated to higher levels on a timely basis. Thus, redefining their roles and introduction of rewards and whistle blowing policies can help NASA sustain the changes implemented. Similarly, measuring the progress can also help in sustaining a chang

Human Resource Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resource Management - Research Paper Example Introduction Before going into the discussion regarding compensation and benefits, which is one of the most specialized parts of the human resource management, let us get a better understanding of the importance of a well-structured compensation plan in maintaining a productive workforce. A compensation plan is a set of those rewards, remuneration, and benefits, which are provided to the employees by the HR department of the company in order to increase employee productivity. Compensation plans not only help the companies retain skilled employees but also assist HR staff in recruitment processes. Obringer (n.d.) asserts, â€Å"To make your company competitive and attractive to job candidates, you have to offer an exceptional total benefits package†. The thesis statement for this paper is, â€Å"Why is it important for a company to offer a well-structured compensation plan to its employees?† Importance of Compensation Plans Compensation and benefits play an important rol e in making a company achieve increased employee productivity. A well-structured compensation plan is one of the key motivating forces behind increased productivity. If human resource department of a company offers a competitive compensation plan to the employees as a reward for their individual performances, the employees become motivated and they put their efforts to do more for their company. Employee efficiency and organizational productivity depend directly on the types of compensation that are offered to the employees by the company. It is a common fact that the employees like to work for such companies, which give value to the employees’ needs and demands by offering them attractive compensation plans. Keimig (2008) asserts, â€Å"Generous benefit packages (especially those with an emphasis on health insurance and retirement savings) tend to attract employees who are looking for long-term, stable positions†. A well-structured compensation plan needs various fact ors to be considered during development, which include type of the compensation plan, conditions for plan implementation, payment calculation method, culture of the organization, and practicalities of the compensation plan. Some of the main reasons behind the need to design and implement a well-structured compensation plan include increasing employees’ moral, ensuring internal and external equity, reducing the turnover, encouraging employees’ performance and productivity, increasing employees’ loyalty, hiring and retaining skilled staff, and making the employees satisfied with their jobs. Dalton (n.d.) states, â€Å"The employee's family can also receive benefits, should the employee die as a result of the injuries or illness sustained at the company†. Another reason for implementing an appropriate compensation plan is to succeed in today’s competitive markets. It is the 21st century and the level of competition between the companies has reached it s heights. Implementation of compensation plans play a valuable role in making the companies excels in the markets. Therefore, it is extremely important for the companies to hire and retain skilled employees in order to get competitive edge over the competitors. Why Is It Necessary To Have A Compensation Plan? It is very necessary for a company to implement a compensation plan because it increases productivity of the workforce. We can hardly find any employee who is not interested in getting higher pays and

Psychology (various techniques for developing memory) Essay

Psychology (various techniques for developing memory) - Essay Example I studied the poem I had developed for 2 minutes. One hour later, I attempted to recall both the acrostic poem and the concepts to which it was related. 3) I sung the poem, The Ballad of Rudolph Reed, by Gwendolyn Brooks out-loud to the tune of the nursery rhyme, Humpty-Dumpty. I practiced singing the poem three times and then one hour later I attempted to recite the poem from memory. 4) My final experiment consisted of attempting to remember a list of 10 items by using the techniques of the Loci method. The list I attempted to remember was as follows: Tomatoes, Trumpet, Scissors, Wallet, Motorcycle, Sofa, Elephant, Newspaper, Subway train, and Faucet. I walked a route familiar to me within the vicinity of my home in accordance with the technique. I assigned one of these items to each of ten locations within the designated route and practiced associating the items and the image of the location. An hour later I retraced my steps, attempting to remember the list by association with the locations on the route that I had selected. The four experiments produced various different results. Personally, I found that the technique for developing an acronym or using an acrostic to remember concepts and lists were particularly useful. These two experiments produced by far the best results.

Design and cost analysis to build a 3 storey new offices with construction

Design and cost analysis to build a 3 storey new offices with construction 1.0 INTRODUCTION This report is presenting two vacant sites which are located at Aberdeen City, Grampian (the edge of the city) and the other one at Edinburgh City, Scotland (city centre). This report content is the design and cost analysis to build a 3 storey new offices with construction to start as soon as possible. This new office will be approximately 1,500m ² which included offices, reception area, all ancillary spaces to accommodate staff, a board room to sit 50 and five meeting rooms to sit 10 15 people. The facilities required is air- conditioning offices and CCTV protection, and the proposed construction is steel frame with pitched roof. 1.1 Aim This report is to: Ø Decide whether city centre or outskirts which more suitable for cost saving. Ø Provide an outline cost plan for the project site mentioned. Ø Advice on sustainability aspects of the proposed project. Ø Provide breakdown by comparing few location before any decision taken. Ø Achieve a firm price by looking into the design of the offices. Ø Recommend the strategic location to the client. 2.0 BACKGROUND OF PROPOSED OFFICE BUILDING Proposed 3 storeys high quality offices block together with external works including reception area, a board room to sit 50, five meeting rooms to sit 10 15 people, services, security and CCTV protection and site lighting. Besides, solar heating panels are proposed for this project. Slimdek steel system is selected for frame work with steel pitch roof with aluminium standing seam cladding is proposed. 3.0 BCIS DATA DISTRICT PROFILES Based on BCIS historical data, analysis and the details of selected six (6) similar project of (new office building) are as below: i) Elemental analysis number 24828, A-3-1,253, this is 3 storey office block together with external works including precast concrete and macadam paving, steel mesh fencing, brick walls, landscaping, services, drainage, site lighting, cycle racks and bollards at Wilmslow, Cheshire, Massclesfield. ii) Elemental analysis number 23877, 3-7,600, this is 3 storey office block together with external works including paving, enclosures, landscaping, services, drainage and minor buildings at Merthyr Tydfil, Mid Glamorgan, Merthyr Tydfil. 3.0 BCIS DATA DISTRICT PROFILES (Contd) iii) Elemental analysis number 25344, A-3-2,045, this is 3 storey office block together with external works including block paving, fencing, walls, landscaping, services drainage, site lighting, cycle store and bat roost at Banbury, Oxfordshire, Cherwell. iv) Elemental analysis number 25163, A-3 (2) -718, this is 2 and 3 storey office block together with external works including landscaping, services and drainage at Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, Aylesbury Vale. v) Elemental analysis number 22434, A-3 (4) -3,887, this is 3 storey office block together with external works including access roads and car parking, landscaping, services, drainage, bin and cycle stores at Oxford, Oxfordshire, Oxford. vi) Elemental analysis number 22437, B-3-6,652, this is 3 storey office block together with external works including macadam and block paving to provide 167 parking spaces, extensive landscaping, services and drainage at Uxbridge, Greater London, London Borough of Hillingdon. Item Location Analysis Index/yr quarter Original Cost per m ² ( £) Preliminary (%) Contingency (%) GFA (m ²) /Storey Location Factor 1 Wilmslow, Cheshire, Macclesfield 247 / 2Q2008 1,125.98 21.68 2.93 1,253 / 3 Storey 0.97 2 Mid Glamorgan, Merthyr Tydfil 221 / 1Q2005 1,607.93 14.52 3.04 7,600 / 3 Storey 0.98 3 Banbury, Oxfordshire, Cherwell 246 / 3Q2008 1,482.95 19.24 1.06 2,045 / 3 Storey 0.99 4 Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, Aylesbury Vale 241 / 2Q2007 1,726.46 16.93 6.88 718 / 3 Storey 1.06 5 Oxford, Oxfordshire, Oxford 195 / 4Q2003 1,211.53 12.53 3,887 / 3 Storey 1.07 6 Uxbridge, Greater London, London Borough of Hillingdon 200 / 1Q2004 1,290.13 15.79 0.37 6,652 / 3 Storey 1.15 3.0 BCIS DATA DISTRICT PROFILES (Contd) Note: i) Cost per m ² excluding contingencies. ii) The cost plan of the above 6 projects are enclosed in Appendix (I) and (II) (Analysis 1 and 2). iii) The detail specifications are enclosed in Appendix IV. 4.0 COST PLAN ANALYSIS AND PROPOSAL Based on this report, location factor below 1.00 is considered as outskirt of city and above 1.00 is considered as city centre. One of the BCIS data Merthyr Tydfil Mid Glamorgan, Merthyr Tydfil is banned in this report for analysis and comparison due to the following reason: i. The cost per m ² is too high comparing to others project and the location factor is only 0.98. ii. Many element cost is undefined in details, example floor finishes, wall finishes, ceiling finishes, internal and external doors, roof, etc. iii. The preliminary is only 14.52% of the contract sum (excluding contingencies) compare to others 5 projects. Therefore, this elemental cost is not analytical. Price Design Risk is assumed as 7.0% and contingencies assumed as 2.5% for the two proposed project. 4.1 Element cost adjustment The rational adjustment for element cost as below: i. 2A Frame Proposed steel column and beam frame for this building. This element is cost 5.36% of the project and 2.30% lower if compare with Merthyr Tydfil project. ii. 2C Roof Proposed steel pitched roof with single ply waterproofing membrane for this building. This element is cost 4.43% of the project and 1.44% lower if compare with Merthyr Tydfil project. iii. 2G Internal Wall / Partitions Proposed metal stud and cubicle partitions is because a board room and two meeting room are required by client. iv. 2H Electrical Installation The percentage distribute to this element is 12.43% and is the highest compare to other five projects. Therefore, we proposed to cut down the uses of electricity to this building by 5.97%. 4.2 Cost analysis plan for city centre Edinburgh City, Scotland Refer to the above BCIS data, location factor above 1.00 is Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, Aylesbury Vale, Oxford Oxfordshire, Oxford and Uxbridge, Greater London, London Borough of Hillingdon. According to the current cost index of 212 (1Q2010) for the Proposed 3 Storey New Office Block at Edinburgh City and location factor is 1.09. The updated cost per m ² for Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, Aylesbury Vale is  £ 1,561.69, Oxford Oxfordshire, Oxford and Uxbridge is  £ 1,341.77, Greater London, London Borough of Hillingdon is  £ 1,296.19. Oxford Oxfordshire, Oxford and Uxbridge and Greater London, London Borough of Hillingdon is not selected because the updated cost per m ² is lower than Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, Aylesbury Vale. The low price for these two areas may be due to the location that nearby the edge of the city and it is unable to achieve a high class office building. However, the updated cost per m ² of  £ 1,561.69 for Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, Aylesbury Vale is selected for budgeting purpose only and this is current cost and not includes construction inflation and interest rates. The current cost limit is  £ 2,322,729 and the projected tender amount is  £ 2,300,817 as apply  £ 1,401.38 as current cost per m ² in analysis 3. 4.3 Cost analysis plan for outskirts of city Aberdeen City, Grampian Refer to the above BCIS data, location factor below 1.00 is Wilmslow Cheshire, Macclesfield, Merthyr Tydfil Mid Glamorgan, Merthyr Tydfil and Banbury Oxfordshire, Cherwell. According to the current cost index of 212 (1Q2010) for the Proposed 3 Storey New Office Block at Aberdeen City and location factor is 0.96. The updated cost per m ² for Wilmslow Cheshire, Macclesfield is  £ 956.47, Merthyr Tydfil Mid Glamorgan, Merthyr Tydfil is  £ 1,510.97 and Banbury Oxfordshire, Cherwell is  £ 1,239.27. Wilmslow Cheshire, Macclesfield and Banbury Oxfordshire, Cherwell is not selected because the updated cost per m ² is lower than Merthyr Tydfil Mid Glamorgan, Merthyr Tydfil. The low price for these two areas may be due to the market condition and the competitive between them make the tender price on lower side for this two projects. Nevertheless, the updated cost per m ² is adjust to  £ 1,510.97 for Merthyr Tydfil Mid Glamorgan, Merthyr Tydfil is selected for budgeting purpose due to the market condition is buoyant and not competitive that mean the tender price will on high side. The current cost limit is  £ 2,045,718 and the projected tender amount is  £ 2,026,419 as apply  £ 1,234.25 as current cost per m ² in analysis 3. 4.4 Cost comparison for city centre and outskirts of city Based on the cost plan for this 3 storey new office building at Edinburgh City and Aberdeen City, the projected tender amount for 2Q2010 is  £ 2,300,817 and  £ 2,026,419 respectively. The cost between this two distinct is  £ 274,398 or 13.54%. 5.0 SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDING Building owners, designers and builders face a unique challenge to meet demands for new and renovated facilities that are accessible, secure, healthy, and productive while minimizing their impact on the environment. The main objectives of sustainable design are to avoid resource depletion of energy, water, and raw materials; prevent environmental degradation caused by facilities and infrastructure throughout their life cycle; and create built environments that are livable, comfortable, safe, and productive. In UK, Green Building, also known as green construction or sustainable building, is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a buildings life-cycle: from sitting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and deconstruction. 5.1 Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emission In UK, annual CO2 emission is 568,520 in thousands of metric tons. Buildings are responsible for more than 70 percent of electricity use; therefore, reducing electricity use in buildings directly affects carbon emissions in electricity production. Therefore, solar panels and heat exchange system are proposed in this project for space heating and air-conditioning. 5.2 Whole life cost of the building Solar energy is renewable and essentially free. There are two factors that influence the amount of money solar panels will save you on your electricity bills: 1) the amount of money you spend on your current electric bill, and 2) the amount of electricity your solar panels will be providing. The demands of solar energy get well known because of the high prices for electricity bill using conventional source. The worldwide of demand for solar energy is greater than its supply. This is due to it will cut energy consumption and pollution sources like they have lower heat loss, less air leakages, warmed window surface that improve comfort and minimize condensation. Automatic lighting and air conditioning control system is proposed, example it will automatic off and / or change to some low voltage lighting after working hour. 6.0 COST SAVINGS PROPOSAL The cost plan is for estimation budgeting only but not final contract sum for this project, so to control the final cost within budget and / or gain additional profit from the saving, the following cost savings for this project are proposed: i. Proposed Slimdek extends the range of cost-effective steel options for modern buildings. Ease of planning and servicing, combined with a reduction in building height, gives significant cost and speed of construction benefits. Slimdek is especially economical for highly serviced buildings. Flexibility of routing services without constraint and the ability to accommodate services between the ribs can lead to substantial savings in the cost of services. ii. Proposed to commence work at month April 10 because the frame work and roof covering able to finish when winter season, this help to save additional cost when construct in winter season, examples heating for curing concrete, protection of new work (concrete and brickwork), etc. This assist contractor to save additional cost and will reflect to overall development cost for client. iii. Solar heating panels is a the usage of solar energy to provide process that depends on the solar radiation, surface area, surface reflectance, surface emissivity, ambient temperature, and thermal convection from wind. 7.0 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO ACHIEVE A FIRM PRICE We required additional information which will have impact on costs in order to prepare a firmer estimation cost as below: i. Ground condition ii. Site topography iii. Site existing structure, accessibility and protection iv Market condition v. Type of contract for the project 8.0 CONCLUSION / RECOMMENDATIONS The quality of the building is more important for offices than for other development like retail. It should provide necessary services and enable flexible sub-division of floor space. While location (address) is important, congestion is reducing efficiency and encouraging out of town office parks. Therefore, Proposed 3 storey office block at Aberdeen City, Grampian instead of Edinburgh City due to the following reasons: i. Based on the comparison, the cost is too high build at city centre, i.e.  £ 274,398 or 13.54% higher rather use the money for upgrade the building quality. ii. Office building is encouraging to build at outskirts of city due to the congestion is reducing efficiency and the quality of office building is more important than location. iii. The land value at Edinburgh City is more expensive compare with Aberdeen City, Grampian. This 3 storey small office cant fully utilize the land value at Edinburgh City. iv. according to CB Richard Ellis, Market View Scottish Office H1 2008, completion of office at Edinburgh City are set peak in 2009 when 611,400 sq ft (56,799 sq m) is anticipated to be delivered mean the market of office development at Edinburgh City is competitive. 9.0 COST PLAN SUMMARY Appendix I Aberdeen City, Grampian (Proposed to develop) Appendix II Edinburgh City, Scotland Note: Each Appendix including Analysis 1, 2 3. Cost comparison for Aberdeen City, Grampian and Edinburgh City, Scotland

Dual Identity Combinators :: Combinatory Logic Math Papers

Dual Identity Combinators Combinatory logic has been invented independently by M. Schà ¶nfinkel and H.B. Curry in the 20s of this century (Cf. Schà ¶nfinkel 1924, Curry 1930.). The impetus was to reduce the number of primitive notions needed for a logical system, in particular, for first-order logic. Schà ¶nfinkel used functions to provide a translation for a closed first-order formula into a functional expression, thereby eliminating bound variables of first-order logic. About the success of this attempt cf. Curry & Feys 1968: beyond this primarily intended connection between first-order logic and (illative) combinatory logic there is another connection between the two, the so called Curry-Howard isomorphism (Curry & Feys 1968, Howard 1980). This relates combinators to implicational formulae. It is just a small step from the Curry-Howard isomorphism to put combinatory bases (which are possibly combinatorially non-complete) into correspondence with logical systems. It is well-known, e.g., that the relevant system R ® corresponds in the above sense to the combinatory base {B, C, W, I}. Of course, such combinatory bases are not unique just as axiomatizations are not unique. For instance, the combinatory base {B’, C, S, I} is equally suitable. (Cf. Dunn 1986.) 1. Dual combinators. Pure combinators operate on left associated sequences of objects. The result of an application of a combinator is a sequence made out of some of the objects on the left (possibly with repetitions) and parentheses scattered across: ( . . . ( ( Q x1 ) . . . ) xn )  º ( xi 1 . . . xi m ) where any xi j (1 £ j  £ m) is xk (1 £ k  £ n) for some k , and the sequence on the right might be associated arbitrarily. The parentheses on the left of the identity are frequently dropped, since left association is taken to be the default. To recall the most familiar combinators as an illustration of the above general statement we have: Sxyz  º xz(yz), Kxy  º x, Ix  º x, Bxyz  º x(yz), Cxyz  º xzy, Wxy  º xyy. Using the combinatory axioms above we can define the notions of one-step reduction (4 1), of reduction (4 ), and of weak equality (=w) as usual. (For an introduction to combinatory logic see e.g., Hindley & Seldin 1986.) In case where one is interested in a combinatory base which is not combinatorially complete it might be useful to emphasize that the above notions are restricted to the particular combinatory base.

Vidding and Copyright Infringement

Many people have become semi famous from others vidding content that they uploaded or appeared in. A few semi famous people, extra ordinary personalities, that come to mind are the Double Rainbow Guy, aka Yosemitebear, Sweet Brown, and Antoine. Without â€Å"vidding† these people would not have had any fame or acknowledgement whatsoever. There is a fine line between copyright infringement and vidding. One factor that I think plays an important role in differentiating the two is if a video is modified from its original version and an artistic twist is added.Art is intellectual property, and by adding your own property to it, makes it your own. The Double Rainbow video is a great example. This video was up on the YouTube sight for quite some time before being discovered by talk show host Jimmy Kimmel who posted a tweet with the YouTube link on his Twitter account. From there the video spread like wildfire and people were interviewing the maker of the, Paul Vasquez a Yosemite Par k resident. Three days later, a well-known auto tuner made a remix video with a song out of the double rainbow video.The song was made available on ITunes and the profits are split 50/50 with Paul Vasquez, who made the original video and the remix auto tuner, known by user name schmoyoho. When the person vidding the original pays royalties or splits profits, then I think this is not copyright infringement because they are paying their dues. If a person profits from using the original version in their new formatted version, then they should have to pay the original owner a portion, it is only fair. I think this is the fine line between self-expression, freedom of speech, and copyright infringement.If you are looking to profit from the content without consent than that is unethical. However, if you are adding your own perception of a television show or video just to express your point of view then this falls under freedom of speech. With social media more popular than ever, there are millions of people copying and sharing original tweets of Facebook posts. We are absolutely unable to monitor every person’s tweets and posts. With such a broad spectrum of what falls under copyright infringement and what falls under self-expression, we as adults have to be able to use judgment based on ethical reasoning.Lawrence Kohlberg categorized different stages of moral development. People have to use their morals and ethical reasoning to draw a line under the copyright laws. You know when you are stealing someone else’s ideas. The bottom line is that credit should be given where credit is due. References: http://knowyourmeme. com/memes/double-rainbow Lawrence, A. T. & Weber, J. (2011). Business and Society: Stakeholders, Ethics, Public Policy (13th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. ISBN: 978-0-07-813715-0

Post-Civil War Law essays

Post-Civil War Law essays Post-Civil War Law: Who Did It Benefit? For most Americans today, the law is a static entity, something which, from day to day, does not cross our minds because of its relatively fixed position. Theoretically, the law protects all Americans equally, regardless of race, ethnicity, or class, and is the tool of just and impartial lawmakers who represent us in Congress. The judiciary, both at the state and federal levels, serves as the interpreters of the law, supposedly wielding little power in influencing state and national policy. That is the theory. Following the Civil War, the United States was a country in turmoil, having narrowly averted the secession of eleven states and now faced with the prospect of integrating those states back into the Union. From 1860, the beginning of the Civil War, to 1920, the beginning of the first World War, American society changed drastically with the integration of the freedman and the Industrial Revolution, and the law changed with it. Unfortunately, during this time American law was influenced heavily by a handful of elites who used the law to their benefit while hampering the efforts of minorities to succeed. This influence on American law had profound effects on minorities in two areas: race and ethnicity; and economic and social class. Cases such as Plessy v. Ferguson and Welton v. Missouri are prime examples of how the elites during this time used law to discriminate against large minorities, whether they be blacks or small business owners, in order to stay on top of the American class system. After the emancipation of the slaves following the end of the Civil War, The U.S. government attempted to rectify the problem of discrimination against blacks through the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1875. It stated that, "all persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the accommodations, advantages, facilities, and p...

Review And Study On Crash Movie Review Media Essay Essay Example

Review And Study On Crash Movie Review Media Essay Essay Example Review And Study On Crash Movie Review Media Essay Essay Review And Study On Crash Movie Review Media Essay Essay Paul Haggis, the screen notch of the Oscar victor of the twelvemonth 2004 for being the best Movie Million Dollar Baby succeeded in doing his infallible attempt, however, argumentative and resolutely appreciated. And this is the first clip when Haggis was found, both composing and directing his film. Crash, a header which should non be taken earnestly ( even though the movie portions an active portion of it ) , is a film which is more significantly about something, which is more basic, an aggressive cross of the paths. Haggis rips off the curtain of the stereotypes traveling around the different racial and communal groups, which are at that place in the metropolis of Los Angeles, and casts the visible radiation, at times rough, the vision of fact in every inconvenient nook and crevice he could name up in the affair of 113 proceedingss. From the get downing shootings to the stoping minutes of the film, Haggis, drives the spectator, bravely, into that sort of universe, while one would ever be at some sort of incommodiousness, and which is unluckily more honorable and really about some poached concerns in the state of America at the minute after any movie that has been watched. What Does Crash Try to State Us? One could easy detect the tendencies, if he looks at the Oscar nominations for the twelvemonth 2005. Peoples who have found to be seemingly alleged â€Å"good guys† are apparent to hold one or the other grave malignity in them, while the apparently â€Å"bad guys† win in turn outing to possess some or the other good traits, or they are more or less like anybody who is on the following side of the common mirror. Crash is precisely that sort of film. It is indistinguishable to the topic of films such as Short Cuts of Altman and Amores perros of Inarritu that depicts variously different people all conjured together for the remarkable incidents that lead one into mopess. On the other manus, Crash is non influenced by world at all. For good or for bad causes, Crash depicts an indistinct and an augmented world, a deformation of life that turns the tabular arraies for introspection. What is the Stereotypes Operational in the Movie? A figure of narratives entangle during the period of two yearss in the metropolis of Los Angeles, involves an mixture of inter-linked characters as given below: Detective of constabulary who has a drugged out female parent and a nimble-fingered brother Two robbers perpetually speculating on race and society The white lawyer of the territory and his annoyed and spoiled married woman A racialist white expert bull ( who is looking after at his ailment male parent at place ) who repulses his more impractical younger spouse A reputed manager of Hollywood and his partner who need to acquire in covering with the chauvinistic bull A Iranian migrator male parent who gets a gun for himself to screen his store A Spanish locksmith and his beautiful immature girl who fears slugs like anything and a figure of more things How Crash Exemplifies Ethnic and Racial Relationss in the Country of America? Clang seems to be an first-class correlativity between life A ; race. How, we as human existences trade with the issues of race in our life. Physical properties and racial differentiations can be two different traits that would split us. Or in simpler footings, they are the concerns that keep us separate. This leaves behind the countless theoretical inquiry that the film Crash exemplifies. What is the footing of personal jingoism? Do personal experiences support repute stereotypes? Is it easy to be responsible for the stereotypes that are already at that place because some things are merely inevitable? Would people be able to contend back the internal struggles within their single racial group? What stops us from suppressing such biass? The author of the film Crash managed it good to spread out your experience of sing the film more than the ninety-minute film, therefore coercing one to measure one s ain biass and the communal stereotypes that develop towards other people as good. Sum uping the Movie Crash Concerns of gender and race give rise to a group of unknown people in the metropolis of Los Angeles. The typical sequences bring out the associated emotions. Few samples Graham is a investigator of constabularies whose brother is a nimble-fingered individual on the streets, and it hurts him that his drugged out female parent loves his good for nil brother more than him. Graham s girlfriend and spouse Ria has started abounding over the fact along with his infrequent inconsideration over the world that he is an Afro-american while she is a Spanish. Rick is a territory lawyer of the territory of Los Angeles whose married woman Jean makes a little privateness about her fright and the abomination of the people non like her. The most atrocious imaginativenesss of Jean become true when two Afro-american carjack her SUV, who hate white people the manner Jean hates black people. Farhad is a tradesman from the Middle East, who feels he needs a gun to support his store and eventually buys it. As seen in the typical scenarios above, the interplay of emotions due to insecurity in the head of people belonging to different background, race and strata of society is brought out rather efficaciously in this film. All the characters in the film suffer from some or other sort of pre-disposed misjudgment about the other individual. The film is non preachy in nature instead it brings about the consequences of these emotional securities. Mentions Homepage Moview Crash, Retrieved on 23 Jan 2010 from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.crashfilm.com/ gt ;

ALDI case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ALDI case analysis - Essay Example For instance, the company has managed to integrate information technology in its operations improving efficiency and at the same time spending heavily on advertisements (Wells & Haglock, 2008). This one area where Aldi have failed making the company less known compared to Wal-Mart. In this case, Aldi ambitious plans to locate new stores globally should be guided more by the move of the main competitor. For instance, opening to areas where Wal-Mart has stores will open the company for competition. The competition will stimulate their growth rather than being in areas where there is no competition (Porter, 2008). According to Porters five forces model, there are factors that have likelihood of reducing the company overall productivity. Threats related to new entrants in the store line can challenge them just as Wal-Mart did. The company needs to have sound strategic plans to counter such issues. Bargaining power that the suppliers have should be countered by a variety of supplier to outsource goods. Bargaining power that buyers have should equally be countered through reduced costs to attract more customers. Threats of substitute’s goods can be countered by introducing a wide range of products (Porter,

Champagne and its Origins Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Champagne and its Origins - Essay Example Champagne was produced in order to be served to only noble and royal people all throughout the 17th to the 19th century and only after this period did it begin to circulate around the world and be used by other sections of society as well. Gradually, more and more people began consuming champagne; the middle classes thrived and tried to move themselves to the upper sections of society, and the use of champagne helped them achieve a similar status. With the help of better packaging and advertising, the drink began to reach a wider market or more number of people and was used at parties, festivities and any other kind of celebratory events by different kinds of people. From even before the 5th century began, it was found that Romans had planted a number of vineyards in and around the Champagne region of France, leading to the production of a vast variety of grapes which later came into use for the purpose of fermentation and formation of alcohol. A number of these vineyards were grown in churches as the wine was used for religious purposes too. The climate in this northern region was also suitable for viticulture or study and production of grapes and made a difference to the kind of wine that was being produced. The people in the southern regions of France soon also started to develop and undertake the production of grapes for the purpose of producing wine and champagne however the results they achieved brought about a difference in colour and taste due to the difference in temperatures. The oldest existing proof of the production of champagne, from grapes and wine, dates back to the famous ‘Blanquette De Limoux’. This was made in the year 1531 by Benedictine Monks in the Abbey of Saint Hilaire near Carcassonne. After this, many methods were applied in the process of fermentation and famous people like Dom Perignon produced some of the finest champagnes introduced to the world. The creation of champagne is a scientific process which was perfected by physicists’ world over; fermentation was perfected by adding sugar and other substances in order to make the champagne taste sweeter. Dom Perignon also made a few inventions like the making of the muselet for the purpose of holding the cork to create pressure in fermentation on the drink and thus perfect it further. It was also only bottled after the process of fermentation was completely over, just like the proper rural method to create it. Well within the 19th century, the production of champagne broke into the figures of millions of bottled being produced all over the world each year. Champagne production requires at best at least one and a half years getting a good bottle of the sparkling wine. Methode Champenoise is known as one of the most traditional methods of obtaining and producing champagne. First, fermentation is allowed to take place within the bottle. This is the process where a catalyst acts upon the grape solution and converts it into an alcoholic beverage for the purpose of consumption. It is said that the amount of fermentation that takes place makes an effect on the drink; an older and more fermented drink is said to have better taste and structure than anything fairly newer. A second round of fermentation takes place within the bottle with an addition of substances like some grams of yeast and rock sugar after which a long time is required for the flavour to pull and settle inside the bottle. It